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Clostridioides difficile (former Clostridium difficile) is an anaerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive rod bacterium. It occurs naturally in both human and animal intestines. The bacteria most frequently colonize the intestines of small children (up to 80 percent), and fewer than 5 percent of adults. If the intestinal flora is disturbed, for example, by antibiotics, Clostridioides can cause diarrhoea.
In most cases, the pathogen is transmitted from person to person via a smear infection. Infection with the bacterium can also occur via surfaces such as toilets, or door knobs and handles. Even a few bacteria are enough to infect people. However, the infection does not always lead to symptoms.
There are usually only a few days between antibiotic therapy, and the onset of the first symptoms. Bowel inflammation is manifested by sudden, watery diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pain and fever. Blood may be in the stool, and excretions may have a foul odour. In severe cases, an intestinal obstruction, an acute enlargement of the large intestine, a hole or tear in the intestinal wall, or blood poisoning may occur. In some cases, the symptoms subside without specific treatment. People who are affected are very contagious, particularly during the acute phase of illness. However, for some time after symptoms have subsided, germs are still excreted along with the stool.
Clostridioides difficile is the pathogen most responsible for bacterial diarrhoea in hospitals; it also causes a small proportion of postoperative wound infections.
5 months
The necessary spectrum of activity against Clostridioides difficile is: sporicidal.
